Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton University Press, 3175 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
The Scholarship of Discovery
“…the commitment to knowledge for its own sake, to freedom of inquiry and to following, in a disciplined fashion, an investigation wherever it may lead… contributes not only to the stock of human knowledge but also to the intellectual climate of a college or university.” (p. 17)
Scholarship of Integration
“…scholars who give meaning to isolated facts, putting them in perspective. By integration, we mean making connection across disciplines, placing the specialties in larger context, illuminating data in a revealing way, often educating non-specialists, too.” (p. 18)
Scholarship of Application
“moves toward engagement as the scholar asks, ‘how can knowledge be responsibly applied to consequential problems? How can it be helpful to individuals as well as institutions?” And further, “Can social problems themselves define an agenda for scholarly investigation?” (p. 21)
Scholarship of Teaching
“The work of the professor becomes consequential only as it is understood by others… teaching both educates and entices future scholars. Indeed, as Aristotle said, ‘Teaching is the highest form of understanding.’” (p. 23)